Educational Technology | P

Page, Ellis B.; Paulus, Dieter H. (1968).  The Analysis of Essays by Computer. Final Report. 

This study aimed at expanding a new field of educational measurement, by investigating the feasibility of using computer programs for the automatic analysis and evaluation of student writing. Essays written by secondary students in their English classes were rated by multiple independent judges on a number of traits usually considered important: content, organization, style, mechanics, creativity, and overall quality. The essays were key-punched for input to the computer. Computer programs were written to analyze the essays, performing many tests and list lookup procedures, and producing a profile of "proxes" (variables believed to be approximations of important dimensions of the essays). These proxes were then combined through multiple regression to optimize the prediction of the expert judgments. Across various essays, judges, students, and traits, the computer performed about as accurately (in predicting the expert group) as did the typical human judge. Many other dimensions of the problem were examined, including the use of cliches, passive verbs, and syntactic parsing. A plan of attack was outlined for future investigators. | [FULL TEXT]

PALMER, EDWARD L. (1966).  HOW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN RESOLVE EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED CONFLICTS IN THINKING. 

AN INVESTIGATION WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EXPLORE THE INSTRUCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF JEAN PIAGET'S POSITION ON EQUILIBRATION. ONE PURPOSE WAS TO TEST THE GENERAL HYPOTHESIS THAT THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF CHILDREN, WHEN DISPLACED BY EVIDENCE CONTRARY TO THE MISCONCEPTIONS, GIVE RISE TO COGNITIVE CONFLICTS. THE RESULTS, IN GENERAL, CONFIRM THIS HYPOTHESIS. A SECOND PURPOSE WAS TO EXPLORE THE MEANS BY WHICH COGNITIVE CONFLICTS ARE PRODUCED. IN THIS REGARD, EMPHASIS WAS ON TECHNIQUES READILY ADAPTABLE TO THE INSTRUCTIONAL SITUATION. FEIGNED SURPRISE WAS SUCH TECHNIQUE WHICH PROVED EFFECTIVE. ONE OF THE MORE STRIKING OUTCOMES OF THE STUDY WAS THE EXTENT TO WHICH BOYS OUTPERFORMED GIRLS IN CONSTRUCTIVELY RESOLVING COGNITIVE CONFLICTS. A SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY WAS LARGELY EXPLORATORY. IT FOCUSED ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF NONCONSTRUCTIVE FORMS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG CHILDREN. | [FULL TEXT]

Park, Young (1968).  An Experiment to Determine the Effectiveness of One Hour of Supplementary Instruction in a Junior College Pre-Transfer English Composition Class. 

An attempt to measure the effectiveness of one hour of classroom instruction supplementing individual use of a programed text (Joseph Blumenthal's English 3200) in a junior college pre-transfer English composition class was made by placing 24 randomly selected students in two 12-member groups. Group I, the experimental group, received the one-hour supplementary instruction whereas Group II, the control group, did not. Results of a post test showed that achievement had not been affected. There was, however, a unique value to the instruction as it related to concepts. Conclusions based on the investigation were (1) the programed material did a creditable job of teaching many items in the workbook, (2) instruction in the classroom did not seem to have much effect on learning when the instruction covered the same material as was found in the textbook, and (3) instruction which supplemented the details found in the textbook and which dealt with concepts appeared to help in the understanding of the applications of the mechanics of grammar.

Patterson, C. H. (1969).  Pupil Personnel Services in the Automated School  Personnel Guidance J, 48, 2. 

Paper presented at the Wisconsin Personnel and Guidance Association fall conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 8, 1968.

PATTERSON, PIERCE E.; AND OTHERS (1961).  AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT STANDARDS. 

RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT WERE PRESENTED SEPARATELY FOR GRADES KINDERGARTEN THROUGH SIX, AND FOR JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS. THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EQUIPMENT CONSIDERED WAS THE FOLLOWING--CLASSROOM LIGHT CONTROL, MOTION PICTURE PROJECTOR WITH MOBILE STAND AND SPARE REELS, COMBINATION 2 INCH X 2 INCH SLIDE AND FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR, LOW-POWER FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR, SCREENS, PLAYBACKS, 2-SPEED DUAL TRACK TAPE RECORDER, JUNCTION BOX AND HEADPHONES OVERHEAD PROJECTOR WITH MOBILE STAND, TRACK TAPE RECORDER, JUNCTION BOX AND HEADPHONES, OVERHEAD PROJECTOR WITH MOBILE STAND, PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM WITH TURNTABLE, MICROPHONE, PORTABLE POWER MEGAPHONE, CAMERA, RADIO, TELEVISION WITH MOBILE STAND, OPAQUE PROJECTOR WITH MOBILE STAND, MICROPROJECTOR, DRY MOUNT PRESS, 3 1/4 INCH X 4 INCH OVERHEAD SLIDE WITH MOBILE STAND, AND TACHISTOSCOPE AND/OR TACHISTOSCOPE ATTACHMENTS AND SPECIAL READING EQUIPMENT. THE JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL EQUIPMENT WAS PRIMARILY THE SAME, EXCEPT THAT IT INCLUDED A LANGUAGE LABORATORY AND DID NOT INCLUDE A LOW POWER FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR, JUNCTION BOX, PORTABLE POWER MEGAPHONE, CAMERA, OR DRY MOUNT PRESS.

(1969).  Performance Contracting as Catalyst for Reform  Educ Technol, 9, 8. 

Full-Text Availability Options: 630.

Perraton, H. D.; And Others (1969).  Linking Universities by Technology: A Report Prepared for the Working Party on Inter-University Communication by the Inter-University Research Unit. 

A program of inter-university communication was established in England. It explored theoretical possibilities and concluded that the time is ripe to establish a series of experimental exchanges between universities. It explored five major questions. What academic needs did universities feel might be met by co-operation through educational technology? What helped and hindered exchange? Can universities agree on the common production of teaching materials? What is the future of live exchanges? Are simple techniques useful for exchange? A termly bulletin, "University Television Newsletter", was published by the Inter-University Research Unit of the National Extension College, Cambridge. It provides a vehicle for the Unit to inform higher education generally about its work, enables universities to exchange information about available recordings, carries articles which stimulate teaching and experimentation, and provides an abstracting service. The report describes a coherent series of experiments designed to see how far universities could use modern technical means to share their resources.

PERRIN, DON (1963).  TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO SPEECH EDUCATION--AN OVERVIEW. 

A GENERALIZED DISCUSSION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND A REVIEW OF SPECIFIC METHODS, MATERIALS, AND EQUIPMENT THAT APPLY TO TEACHING, PARTICULARLY SPEECH TEACHING, ARE PRESENTED. INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IS THE COMBINATION OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TO SOLVE AN EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM. IT INVOLVES NEW METHODS OF ORGANIZING AND PRESENTING INFORMATION, AND NEW OR REVISED TECHNIQUES, MATERIALS, AND EQUIPMENT TO SERVE SPECIFIC LEARNING NEEDS. CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND THE SUBJECT MATTER TO BE TAUGHT IS NECESSARY FOR OPTIMUM PROGRAMING. NEW CONCEPTS OF ADMINISTRATION ARE NEEDED TO OVERCOME THE LACK OF PROPER TRAINING, PROGRAMING, AND MAINTENANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL AIDS BY INDIVIDUAL SCHOOLS. THE SYSTEMS APPROACH, IN WHICH ALL MATERIALS RELEVANT TO A PARTICULAR LESSON UNIT ARE PACKAGED TOGETHER, IS ONE SOLUTION TO SUCH PROBLEMS. THE PRESENT TREND IN TEACHING METHODS TOWARD THE FUSION OF SMALL GROUP, LARGE GROUP, AND CONVENTIONAL CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION INTO AN INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY. TUTORIAL OR LABORATORY SITUATIONS ARE GEARED TOWARD SPECIFIC LEARNING NEEDS OF INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS, ALLOW BEHAVIOR TO BE SHAPED WITHIN CLOSER LIMITS THAN IS POSSIBLE WITH GROUP TEACHING, AND GIVE THE STUDENT IMMEDIATE KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS. STUDENTS CAN MASTER THE MATERIAL AT THEIR OWN RATES. TAPE RECORDERS AID IN LEARNING SPOKEN LANGUAGE AND PRONUNCIATION. A TREND IN MATERIALS, BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE NEW TECHNOLOGY, IS TOWARDS INCREASED USE OF PREPARED MATERIALS THAT ARE INTEGRATED WITH CURRICULUM AND LESSON PLANS. STUDENTS WORK WITH THE MATERIALS INDIVIDUALLY OR IN SMALL GROUPS. TEXTBOOKS ARE BEING SUPPLEMENTED WITH SUCH MATERIALS AS WORKBOOKS, PROGRAMED TEXTS, FILMS, FILMSTRIPS, AND RECORDINGS. THE TREND IN EQUIPMENT IS TOWARD PERMANENT INSTALLATION. USE OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS IS DETERMINED BY THEIR AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY, AND SIMPLICITY OF USE.

Peters, Otto (1969).  New Perspectives in Correspondence Study in Europe. 

New developments and the future of correspondence teaching and correspondence education in Europe are discussed in this document. A questionnaire was used to gather information about changes which have taken place or future changes envisaged by correspondence school managers. It revealed that important developments included the introduction of correspondence study methods into the universities and colleges of the East European countries; and increased use of innovative teaching methods-- programed instruction, computers, experiments with TV, radio, and integrated discussion groups. Uncertainty was expressed regarding the future of correspondence instruction because of interest of big firms and American corporations, and the trend towards centralization and concentration. For the future the writer foresaw accredited and efficient correspondence schools cooperating in many ways with universities and colleges, ministries of education and other state institutions, broadcasting corporations, and educational sciences. The cooperation would take many organizational forms that would cross interstate and national boundaries. Projects would make use of latest technological developments in their respective disciplines and the work would be guided by theories of distance and mass instruction.

_____. (1968).  Phase I Report. Economic Analysis Course. 

The key findings of phase I relative to the Sterling Institute curriculum development model being used in the preparation of a multimedia, individualized course in economic analysis for the United States Naval Academy are presented in this paper. The current status (October, 1968) and planned activities of the project are also outlined. The segments of the actual course, the behavioral objectives involved, and various working papers are available as EM 010 787 through EM 010 823. The final evaluation report can be found under ED 043 790, and the model developed for designing systems of individualized instruction is reported in ED 043 791.

_____. (1968).  Philosophy: A Crucial Distinction. 

The objectives of the Early Childhood Center at Drexel Institute of Technology are to provide an observation laboratory for students, conduct research in huma n behavior and development, supplement the child's home environment, and provide learning experiences for parents. Children at the center are from 2 years 7 months to 4 years 9 months in age. To ensure parental involvement, all parents are required to be directly involved at the center for 35 hours a year. Teaching machines are used to train children in skills and concepts, which leaves the teacher free to concentrate on the development of new concepts and creativity. An Edison Responsive Environment (ERE) is used for research and demonstration purposes. The ERE provides audio-visual-tactile responses to the students' actions. The machine is programmed to progress from an introductory to a written, visual, and oral question-and-answer phase. The Center's laboratory also contains non-automated equipment. Detailed records are kept on the children's progress. Each child is tested before and after the year's program for physical, emotional, intellectual, and linguistic achievements. When tested for alphabet recognition, typing ability, size of sight vocabulary, and language facility, children showed significant gains in these primary reading skills, except for language facility.

Pincus, Margaret E., Ed. (1967).  Some Essays on Computers in Education. 

Students at the Harvard Graduate School of Education prepared papers exploring the scope of computer use in education. While computers are not yet capable of wholly replacing teachers, they are capable of a higher level of complex behavior than is generally realized. Computers may be misused to perpetuate certain dubious teaching practices; therefore, educators, not technicians, should guide their use. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) at the elementary school level needs to develop more branching programs and become capable of more dialogue. To be a more adaptive tool the computer should also provide access to its computational and display facilities, deal with natural language responses more effectively, and have an efficient interactive response device. Computer simulation of classroom situations can allow teachers to test various instructional and disciplinary strategies. The simulation technique can also aid in training school and educational administrators. Curricula can use computer-generated visual aids, bibliographies, glossaries, problem sets, and logical sequences for course material. College applicants can be screened more effectively with computer aid. A bibliography is appended.

Pinnell, Charles; And Others (1969).  Automated Registration System for Colleges and Universities. 

This study concentrated on the investigation and development of a computerized system of student registration, sectioning, and record handling. The report presents the results of the study and describes a pilot system that was developed at Texas A&M University. The basic system is discussed, along with the procedures involved in data collection, schedule construction, and fee assessment. Conclusions are made that: 1) the system was very effective in increasing the ability to provide students with desired courses; 2) much better student counselling system resulted from the study; 3) the overall student record and reporting system was improved greatly; 4) the manual effort and time required to complete the registration process was greatly reduced; and 5) the student acceptance of the system was generally good, although there was a lack of ability to select individual professors and specific course times. Recommendations are made for colleges and universities considering the implementation of such a system.

_____. (1968).  Planning for an Urban Community School. 

Presented is a plan for a community school in the North End-Brightwood area of Springfield, Massachusetts. The commitment to the community school concept is stated and the objectives are defined. The document contains chapters on pupil characteristics and grouping, special classes, reporting pupil progress, and teacher utilization and characteristics. Also included are sections on the use of nonprofessionals, the psychological services personnel, the expanded classroom concept, curriculum, technology, community services, administration, and educational specifications.

Plastre, Guy (1969).  The Language Lab Director  Educ Can, 9, 3. 

Based on a paper presented at a meeting of the National Association of Language Laboratory Directors.

Platt, Henry; And Others (1966).  Automation in Vocational Training of the Mentally Retarded. Final Report. 

Various uses of automation in teaching were studied with mentally retarded (IQ 70 to 90) and/or emotionally disturbed (IQ 80 to 90) youth aged 16 to 20. Programed instruction was presented by six audiovisual devices and techniques: the Devereux Model 50 Teaching Aid, the Learn-Ease Teaching Device, the Mast Teaching Machine, the Graflex Audio-Graphic Instructor, the Car Tap Unit, and the A-V-K (Auditory-Visual-Kinesthetic) Unit. Several preliminary field tests were conducted which involved the development of skills in work related areas; another study involved measurement in the kitchen. Later field testing employed units on job responsibilities, tool recognition, telephone use, and home nursing. Data analysis indicated that the automated method was usually more efficient than the conventional and programed lectured methods; the method integrating conventional and automated instruction was most effective; the machine method alone was least effective; autoinstructional aids decreased the amount of time needed to learn; autoinstructional aids produced greater retention; and autoinstructional aids produced group gains, but individual gains varied considerably within each group.

Plowman, Paul D. (1969).  Programing for the Gifted Child  Except Children, 35, 7. 

Full-Text Availability Options: 650.

Poteet, G. Howard (1967).  Film Language: A Student-Made Dictionary.  [The Teachers Guide to Media and Methods] 

The failure of verbal descriptions to convey an understanding of film terminology led to a student production of a 20-minute color film that defines various film methods by illustrating them. A technique is shown on the screen and simultaneous soundtrack narration explains how this technique can be used. When the narration lasts longer than the illustration, random patterns continue the visual stimulation until the narrator finishes his remarks. A 3-minute experimental segment accompanied by a jazz soundtrack concludes the film. This segment encourages the students to utilize the cinematic terms and techniques, and also attempts to make them realize that they have not completely mastered the forms of film media.

POTTER, RALPH K.; AND OTHERS (1966).  VISIBLE SPEECH. 

A CORRECTED REPUBLICATION OF THE 1947 EDITION, THE BOOK DESCRIBES A FORM OF VISIBLE SPEECH OBTAINED BY THE RECORDING OF AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH SOMEWHAT SIMILAR TO THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED BY THE EAR. ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO PRESENT AN EXPERIMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN THE READING OF VISIBLE SPEECH AND EXPANDED TO INCLUDE MATERIAL OF INTEREST TO VARIOUS GROUPS WHO MIGHT USE VISIBLE SPEECH, THE TEXT ASSESSES THE DEVELOPMENT AND BASIC PRINCIPLES. HISTORY, THE SOUND SPECTROGRAPH, THE DIRECT TRANSLATOR, THE TRAINING PROGRAM, AND THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VISIBLE SPEECH (THE NEW ABC'S) ARE REVIEWED. THE LESSON UNITS ON VISIBLE PATTERNS OF AMERICAN SPEECH ARE PROVIDED WITH SUGGESTIONS ON THEIR USE. THE UNITS CONCERN THE PATTERNS AND THE HUBS OF THE VOWELS AND DIPTHONGS AS WELL AS READING STOPS, FRICATIVES, NASALS, AND GLIDES (VOWEL-LIKE SOUNDS), AND VOWELS. EACH LESSON CONTAINS A PROFILE DIAGRAM, AN EXPLANATION OF THE PHYSICAL PRODUCTION OF THE SOUND, POSSIBLE SPELLINGS, SPECTROGRAPHIC PATTERNS, AND WORDS AND SENTENCES FOR DRILL. APPLICATIONS OF VISIBLE SPEECH ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF DEAF INTERESTS, PHONETIC INTERESTS, SPEECH CORRECTION INTERESTS, FOREIGN LANGUAGE INTERESTS, VOCAL MUSIC INTERESTS, AND GENERALITIES AND SPECULATIONS. APPENDIXES PROVIDE A REFERENCE LISTING OF PHONETIC SYMBOLS AND A SUMMARY OF THE PROFILES AND HUB AREAS. A BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS EIGHT TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS ON VISIBLE SPEECH. DIAGRAMS, FIGURES, AND VISIBLE SPEECH PATTERNS APPEAR THROUGHOUT THE TEXT. THIS DOCUMENT WAS PUBLISHED BY DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC., 180 VARICK STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10014, AND IS AVAILABLE FOR $12.50.

Powell, John Walker (1969).  Communication, Technology, and Education  Adult Leadership, 17, 7. 

Speech Delivered to the Social Philosophy Committee atDes Moines AEA Conference, November, 1968

_____. (1968).  Preliminary Outline of Evaluation Plan. Economic Analysis Course. 

A multimedia course in economic analysis was developed and used in conjunction with the United States Naval Academy. (See ED 043 790 and ED 043 791 for the final reports of the project evaluation and development model.) This document provides a detailed outline of the contents of the final evaluation program plan and brief notes about the contents of some data files. EM 010 787 through EM 010 823 are related documents.

_____. (1968).  Preliminary Evaluation Plan. Economic Analysis Course. 

The preliminary (August, 1968) plan for evaluation of the multimedia, individualized course in economics analysis produced for the United States Naval Academy is presented for discussion in this document. Course segments, the behavioral objectives involved, and other working papers from the production of the course can be found under EM 010 787 through EM 010 823. The final evaluation is ED 043 790, and the model developed for designing a system of individualized instruction is reported in ED 043 791.

_____. (1969).  Preliminary Tryouts. Economic Analysis Course. 

Preliminary tryouts of the multimedia, individualized course in economic analysis prepared for the United States Naval Academy were conducted. An illustration of how the data collected was used for making decisions on materials revisions is also included. Related documents appear as EM 010 787 through EM 010 823. The final evaluation report can be found under ED 043 790, and the model developed for designing systems of individualized instruction is reported in ED 043 791.

_____. (1969).  Preliminary Validation Report for Multi-Media Economics Course. Economic Analysis Course. 

A multimedia course in economic analysis was developed and used in conjunction with the United States Naval Academy (See ED 043 790 and ED 043 791 for the final reports of the project evaluation and development model.) This report describes the preliminary findings from the analysis of data produced by the validation tryouts. Student achievement and study-time-taken are among the areas discussed. EM 010 787 through EM 010 823 are related documents.

_____. (1969).  Principles and Practice of Instructional Technology. Participant's Workbook. 

A course of instruction in instructional technology was designed, consisting of pre-recorded audio tapes, filmstrips, and this workbook. The workbook is in looseleaf form with space for notes and is to be retained by the participant on completion of the course. Fifteen units are outlined covering behavioral objectives, tests, stimulus and response, content analysis, and validation. Each unit consists of several stated objects, some background information, a set of questions, and a summary. A glossary is provided.

Price, Harry A. (1966).  Electronic Classroom. 

The conversion of a limited-use, "white elephant" auditorium into an electronic classroom to be used as a flexible instructional space with numerous potentials for enrichment of learning via utilization of electromechanical aids.

_____. (1961).  PROGRAM PLANNING GUIDE FOR INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION. 

THE BACKGROUND, USE, ORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT, CAPABILITIES, PLANNING, AND PREPARATION FOR STUDIO TELECASTS, AND THE EVALUATION OF THE TV CENTER AT AIR UNIVERSITY WERE GIVEN. THE TV CENTER WAS ORGANIZED UNDER THE AIR UNIVERSITY (AU) LIBRARY TO PRODUCE AND DIRECT THE TELECASTS FOR THE THREE AU SCHOOLS EQUIPPED TO RECEIVE THEM. TELEVISION WAS USED TO ENHANCE INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES, TO IMPROVE SEMINAR PROGRAMS, TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EVALUATION, TO AID IN EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, TO TRAIN EFFECTIVE SPEAKERS, AND TO PROVIDE GUEST SPEAKERS. RESPONSIBILITY FOR INSTRUCTION AND INSTRUCTORS RESTED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL SCHOOLS. THE PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL STAFF ASSISTED AND ADVISED FACULTY MEMBERS IN PREPARING PROGRAM FORMATS AND SCRIPTS, IN CONDUCTING REHEARSALS, AND IN EVALUATING THE COMPLETED PROGRAM. STUDIO EQUIPMENT, CONTROL ROOM EQUIPMENT, AND RECEIVING EQUIPMENT WERE DESCRIBED AND THEIR CAPABILITIES WERE ANALYZED. THE FIRST STEP IN PLANNING FOR STUDIO TELECASTS CONSISTED OF SCHEDULING A SCRIPT CONFERENCE WITH THE TV CENTER AT LEAST 90 DAYS BEFORE THE TELECAST, AT WHICH TIME A RESUME OF THE PRESENTATION AND AN OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGY WERE PRESENTED AND VISUAL AIDS WERE PLANNED. THE NEXT STEP WAS REHEARSALS, WHICH WERE FOLLOWED BY THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ACTUAL TELECAST AND FINALLY THE PREPARATION OF A PROGRAM CRITIQUE. OBSERVATIONS FROM STAFF VISITS TO SCHOOLS USING CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION AND EXCERPTS FROM PERTINENT EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS WERE INCLUDED. SELECTED REFERENCES FOLLOWED THE TEXT.

_____. (1967).  PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION GUIDE. 

ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PERSONNEL INTERESTED IN THE AVAILABILITY OF PROGRAMED LEARNING MATERIALS, THIS GUIDE IS BASED ON THE PROGRAMED MEDIA COLLECTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION CENTER, OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES, NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, IT WILL BE UPDATED AND PUBLISHED TWICE A YEAR. IT INCLUDES LISTS OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES (WRITTEN SINCE 1962) OF PROGRAMED LEARNING MATERIALS AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY, AND LISTS OF PERIODICALS, PRODUCERS, AND DEVICES. IN THE DATA BANK, 1,773 PROGRAMS (4,036 SEPARATE PIECES) ARE LISTED AND EVALUATED. THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS GIVEN FOR EACH--AUTHOR, TITLE, CLASSIFICATION NUMBER, SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL INCLUDED, SUBJECT MATTER COVERED, PROGRAM SOURCE, STYLE, SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROGRAM HOURS NEEDED TO COMPLETE IT, LEVEL, COST, AVAILABILITY, AND PUBLICATION DATE. EVALUATIVE DATA FOR EACH PROGRAM INCLUDES SPECIFICATION OF TERMINAL OBJECTIVES, PROGRAM PREREQUISITES, TARGET POPULATION, CONTENT, INTEGRAL TESTS, AND RESULTS OF FIELD TRAILS. DATA ON PROGRAMS PUBLISHED OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE NEXT EDITION. THERE IS A SUBJECT INDEX AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE DATA BANK. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE FROM ENTELEK INCORPORATED, 42 PLEASANT ST., NEWBURYPORT, MASS. 01950 301 PAGES.

_____. (1968).  PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IN ADULT EDUCATION. CURRENT INFORMATION SOURCES, 15. 

THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINS 39 INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED ENTRIES ON PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IN ADULT EDUCATION, INCLUDING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION STUDIES, TESTING, PROGRAMS, TEXTBOOKS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES. THE DOCUMENTS PROCESSED, WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, ARE ALL DATED 1966 OR 1967.

_____. (1968).  Progress Report for the Instructional Management System. Technical Memorandum. 

A progress report describes the design and demonstration of the computer-based Instructional Management Systems (IMS) for the period March 1, 1967, through February 29, 1968. The rationale and design considerations of IMS, development of its system components, functioning of the components during the first field trial, and data collected during the first field trial are discussed. In IMS, teachers administer frequent tests, which are keyed to behaviorally defined objectives and printed on machine readable forms. Data input procedures transform pupil responses for computer analysis, and the computer-generated report contains an analysis of pupils' achievement of objectives and suggests remedial exercises for those who do not meet the criterion performance level.

_____. (1969).  Project Aristotle Symposium. 

The first annual Aristotle Symposium was held in Washington, D.C., in December 1967 and dealt with the potential collaboration of government, education, and industry in educational development. Task groups were concerned with the following specific areas: (1) Department of Defense programs for training of low aptitude persons (Project 100,000) and transfer of skills to civilian life (Project Transition); (2) the implications for education of new developments in media technology; (3) information technology; (4) frontiers of educational research; (5) new developments in teaching/learning technology including, in part, use of computers, teaching machines, audiovisual apparatus, trainers and simulators, and biomedical education (6) systems approach to education; (7) educational issues and evaluation; and (8) the challenge of the world educational crisis.

_____. (1969).  Proceedings Book of the National Conference on Continuing Education for Nurses (1st, Williamsburg, Virginia, November 10-14, 1969). 

As underlined in papers and group discussions, the growth of nursing continuing education (NCE) requires a fuller commitment within the profession to the ideal of lifelong learning, improved self-diagnosis of needs, and a profession wide program of continuing career development. A national survey of existing NCE programs shows a predominance of full time directors (27 with master's degrees, four with doctorates, one baccalaureate); numbers of full time nurse faculty range from three to 23. Recourse to budgets, fees, grants, and tuition for financial support varied widely. One program's experience of how to get funds stressed the importance of identifying needs and securing a strong diversity of sources. NCE participation studies at the University of Wisconsin and elsewhere reveal (among other things) strong motivation to undertake and persist in NCE programs, especially among nurses who pay their own fees. Meanwhile, such new concepts as health teams, career ladders, and a continuing education core curriculum are emerging. (The document includes an overview of regional nursing programs in several states, telephone instruction and other audiovisual technology, and issues in program evaluation.)

Prokof'yev, A. V. (1966).  Programmed Learning, Programmed Textbooks, Teaching Machines. 

The overall idea of programed learning plays an important role in the learning process, but it does not contain any sensational discoveries or unusual points. Importance resides in the perfection of the existing systems and methods of learning with the use of the achievements of modern science, and particularly of radio electronics and cybernetics. Modern group and mass teaching processes are joined with individualized features by machines and textbooks which present the study material, control its assimilation, and transmit confirmation to the student concerning the correct assimilation of the material. To prepare material for a textbook or teaching machine, the author must himself first structure the material; a formidable task. Then he must choose one of a variety of formats, form a bridge between conventional teaching aids and programed aids to "pure" programed textbooks or direct communication with a machine. Teaching machines are further classified according to the functions performed in the learning process, the programing principle involved, the feedback method, the method of direct communication, structural peculiarities of the machine, and the type of teaching. Programed texts and teaching machines already in use in Russia are described.

_____. (1968).  Public Libraries in the Denver Metropolitan Area; A Plan and Program for Public Library Development to 1985. 

The purpose of this plan is to provide a guide for designing improvements in public library service in the Denver metropolitan region and for evaluating the libraries as they develop. The report examines the background of public library planning activities, characteristics of the region, local library systems, area library resources and minimum standards, and the development of local libraries and area resources to 1985. A program for public library development is recommended with these objectives: to bring local library resources to the levels of the American Library Association standards, to develop a library system that meets the standards for public library systems, to provide library services that are easily accessible to all residents in the region, and to develop policies and programs that will allow residents to use all public libraries in the area. Objectives will be accomplished by: (1) a developmental program which will be funded on a shared-cost basis with local, state and federal funds, (2) research and development activity to assist libraries in meeting changing needs which will be funded by the public library system and the Denver Regional Council of Governments, (3) coordinating the services of all types of libraries, and (4) drafting library standards that will reflect the needs of the Denver Metropolitan area. Appendixes include the planning schedule, population data, and an inventory and directory of local libraries.